History of Scientific Establishments
Throughout history, scientific establishments—such as observatories, libraries, academies, and institutions—have played a vital role in the development and transmission of knowledge. This page explores how these institutions shaped scientific progress across different civilizations and time periods.

Maragha Observatory
Learn more about Maragha Observatory and its contributions to science from construction to the discoveries.

Samarqand Observatory
Learn more about the Samarqand Observatory and its instruments and discoveries, which led to major scientific development.